Year-end tax planning will be just as complicated as it was last year due to the complexity of new tax regulations for businesses and individuals. This is of the essence as tax planning strategies to reduce your 2019 tax bill must be taken before year end.

Take advantage of planning strategies for individuals

Individuals often can reduce their tax bills by deferring income to the next year and accelerating deductible expenses into the current year. To defer income, for example, you might ask your employer to pay your year-end bonus in early 2020 rather than in 2019.

To accelerate deductions, consider increasing your IRA or qualified retirement plan contributions to the extent that they’ll be deductible. Such contributions also provide some planning flexibility because you can make 2019 contributions to IRAs, and certain other retirement plans, after the end of the year.

Other year-end tax planning strategies to consider include:

Offsetting capital gains. If you sold stocks or other investments at a gain this year — or plan to do so — consider offsetting those gains by selling some poorly performing investments at a loss.

Reducing capital gains is particularly important if you are subject to the net investment income tax (NIIT), which applies to taxpayers with modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) over $200,000 ($250,000 for married couples filing jointly). The NIIT is an additional 3.8% tax on the lesser of 1) your net income from capital gains, dividends, taxable interest and certain other sources, or 2) the amount by which your MAGI exceeds the threshold.

In addition to reducing your net investment income by generating capital losses, you may have opportunities to bring your MAGI below the applicable NIIT threshold by deferring income or accelerating certain deductions.

Charitable giving. If you plan to make charitable donations, consider donating highly appreciated stock or other assets rather than cash. This strategy is particularly effective if you own appreciated stock you would like to sell but you don’t have any losses to offset the gains.

Donating stock to charity allows you to dispose of the stock without triggering capital gains taxes, while still claiming a charitable deduction. Then you can take the cash you’d planned to donate and reinvest it in other securities.

Contact your trusted advisor to discuss end of year planning for you and your business.

In order to take advantage of two important depreciation tax breaks for business assets for your medical or dental practice, you must place the assets in service by the end of the tax year. So you still have time to act for 2016. 

Section 179 deduction 

The Sec. 179 deduction is valuable because it allows businesses to deduct as depreciation up to 100% of the cost of qualifying assets in year 1 instead of depreciating the cost over a number of years. Sec. 179 can be used for fixed assets, such as equipment, software and leasehold improvements. Beginning in 2016, air conditioning and heating units were added to the list.
 
The maximum Sec. 179 deduction for 2016 is $500,000. The deduction begins to phase out dollar-for-dollar for 2016 when total asset acquisitions for the tax year exceed $2,010,000.
 
Real property improvements used to be ineligible. However, an exception that began in 2010 was made permanent for tax years beginning in 2016. Under the exception, you can claim a Sec. 179 deduction of up to $500,000 for certain qualified real property improvement costs.
 
Note: You can use Sec. 179 to buy an eligible heavy SUV for business use, but the rules are different from buying other assets. Heavy SUVs are subject to a $25,000 deduction limitation.

First-year bonus depreciation 

For qualified new assets (including software) that your business places in service in 2016, you can claim 50% first-year bonus depreciation. (Used assets don’t qualify.) This break is available when buying computer systems, software, machinery, equipment, and office furniture. 
 
Additionally, 50% bonus depreciation can be claimed for qualified improvement property, which means any eligible improvement to the interior of a nonresidential building if the improvement is made after the date the building was first placed in service. However, certain improvements aren’t eligible, such as enlarging a building and installing an elevator or escalator.

Contemplate what your business needs now

If you’ve been thinking about buying business assets, consider doing it before year end. This article explains only some of the rules involved with the Sec. 179 and bonus depreciation tax breaks. Contact us for ideas on how you can maximize your depreciation deductions.
In order to take advantage of two important depreciation tax breaks for business assets, you must place the assets in service by the end of the tax year. So you still have time to act for 2016. 

Section 179 deduction 

The Sec. 179 deduction is valuable because it allows businesses to deduct as depreciation up to 100% of the cost of qualifying assets in year 1 instead of depreciating the cost over a number of years. Sec. 179 can be used for fixed assets, such as equipment, software and leasehold improvements. Beginning in 2016, air conditioning and heating units were added to the list.
 
The maximum Sec. 179 deduction for 2016 is $500,000. The deduction begins to phase out dollar-for-dollar for 2016 when total asset acquisitions for the tax year exceed $2,010,000.
 
Real property improvements used to be ineligible. However, an exception that began in 2010 was made permanent for tax years beginning in 2016. Under the exception, you can claim a Sec. 179 deduction of up to $500,000 for certain qualified real property improvement costs.
 
Note: You can use Sec. 179 to buy an eligible heavy SUV for business use, but the rules are different from buying other assets. Heavy SUVs are subject to a $25,000 deduction limitation.

First-year bonus depreciation 

For qualified new assets (including software) that your business places in service in 2016, you can claim 50% first-year bonus depreciation. (Used assets don’t qualify.) This break is available when buying computer systems, software, machinery, equipment, and office furniture. 
 
Additionally, 50% bonus depreciation can be claimed for qualified improvement property, which means any eligible improvement to the interior of a nonresidential building if the improvement is made after the date the building was first placed in service. However, certain improvements aren’t eligible, such as enlarging a building and installing an elevator or escalator.

Contemplate what your business needs now

If you’ve been thinking about buying business assets, consider doing it before year end. This article explains only some of the rules involved with the Sec. 179 and bonus depreciation tax breaks. Contact us for ideas on how you can maximize your depreciation deductions.

The year is quickly drawing to a close, but there’s still time to take steps to reduce your 2016 tax liability — you just must act by December 31. Here are six actions to consider taking:

1.    Prepay tuition bills for academic periods that will begin in January, February or March of 2017 (if it will make you eligible for a tax credit).

If your 2016 adjusted gross income (AGI) qualifies you for the American Opportunity credit (maximum of $2,500 per eligible student) or the Lifetime Learning credit (maximum of $2,000 per family), consider prepaying tuition bills that aren’t due until early 2017 if it generates a bigger credit on this year’s tax return. You can claim a 2016 credit based on prepaying tuition for academic periods that begin in January through March of 2017. 

Bear in mind that both the American Opportunity credit and the Lifetime Learning credit can be reduced or eliminated if your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) is too high. For the former, the current MAGI phaseout range for unmarried individuals is $80,000 to $90,000 and the range for married couples filing jointly is $160,000 to $180,000. For the latter, the phaseout range for unmarried individuals is $55,000 to $65,000, and for married couples filing jointly it’s $111,000 to $131,000.

If you’re ineligible for these two higher education tax credits because your MAGI is too high, you might still qualify for a deduction of up to $4,000 of qualified higher education tuition. However, you can’t claim the deduction for the same year you claim an education credit or if anyone else claims an education credit for the same student for the same year.

2.   Donate to your favorite charities.

If reducing your taxable estate is an important estate planning goal for you, making lifetime charitable donations can help achieve that goal and benefit your favorite organizations. In addition, by making donations during your lifetime, rather than at death, you’ll receive income tax deductions.

Consider making charitable gifts of appreciated stock if you plan to make significant charitable donations before year-end.  If the appreciated stock has been held for one year or more, you’ll avoid paying tax on the appreciation but will still be able to deduct the donated property’s full value.  There’s paperwork involved with the donation of appreciated stock, so start now to give yourself and your investment advisor enough time to complete the donation before year-end.

To take a 2016 charitable donation deduction, the gift must be made by December 31. According to the IRS, a donation generally is “made” at the time of its “unconditional delivery.” But what does this mean? Is it the date you, for example, write a check or make an online gift via your credit card? Or is it the date the charity actually receives the funds — or perhaps the date of the charity’s acknowledgment of your gift?

The delivery date depends in part on what you donate and how you donate it. Here are a few examples for common donations:

3.   Sell investments at a loss to offset capital gains you’ve recognized this year.

Selling investments that are currently worth less than what you paid for them and are held in taxable brokerage accounts may allow you to lower your 2016 tax bill. Why? Because you can offset the resulting capital losses against capital gains from earlier in the year. 

If your losses exceed gains, you’ll have a net capital loss for the year. You can deduct up to $3,000 of net capital loss (or $1,500 if you are married and file separately) on this year’s return against ordinary income from salary, self-employment activities, alimony, interest, and other types of income. Any excess net capital loss is carried forward to future years and puts you in position for tax savings in 2017 and beyond.

However, be aware of the wash-sale rules, which preclude the deductibility of losses in certain situations. If, for example, you sold a security the last week of December for a loss and then bought it back the first week of January next year, you wouldn’t be able to use the loss to offset your 2016 gains.

4.    Avoid a 50% penalty by taking retirement plan RMDs.

After you reach age 70½, you must take annual required minimum distributions (RMDs) from your IRAs (except Roth IRAs) and, generally, from your defined contribution plans (such as 401(k) plans). You also could be required to take RMDs if you inherited a retirement plan (including Roth IRAs). 

If you don’t comply — which usually requires taking the RMD by December 31 — you can owe a penalty equal to 50% of the amount you should have withdrawn but didn’t. 

5.    Make 2016 annual exclusion gifts.

The 2016 gift tax annual exclusion allows you to give up to $14,000 per recipient tax-free — without using up any of your gift and estate or GST tax exemption. A married couple can give $28,000 to each recipient. (The exclusion amount will remain the same for 2017.)

The gifted assets are removed from your taxable estate, which can be especially advantageous if you expect them to appreciate. That’s because the future appreciation can avoid gift and estate taxes. Because the exclusion doesn’t carry over from year to year, you need to use your 2016 exclusion by December 31. 

6.    Incur deductible medical expenses (if your deductible medical expenses for the year already exceed the applicable floor).

Consider bunching nonurgent medical procedures (and any other services and purchases with timing that you can control without negatively affecting your or your family’s health) into one year. 

Medical costs are deductible only to the extent they exceed 10% of AGI for people younger than age 65. However, if you or your spouse will be age 65 or older as of year end, the deduction threshold for this year is only 7.5% of AGI. (In 2017, this threshold will increase to 10% of AGI for people age 65 or older.) These taxpayers may want to bunch medical expenses into 2016 to potentially be able to take advantage of the 7.5% floor.

A few additional miscellaneous steps you can take before December 31 to reduce your 2016 tax bill and tie up loose ends include:

Keep in mind that in certain situations these strategies might not make sense. We’d be pleased to help you determine the right steps to take now to lessen your 2016 tax bite.