Summer hours are in effect: Our offices close at NOON on Fridays from May 17th to July 12th
Our offices are closed tomorrow 1/7/25 from 8am – 1pm for a firm event. Thank you.
Summer hours are in effect: Our offices close at NOON on Fridays from May 17th to July 12th
Our offices are closed tomorrow 1/7/25 from 8am – 1pm for a firm event. Thank you.
The research and development tax credit has been a great tax savings incentive to companies looking to increase their internal research and development activities. When President Obama signed the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 2015, the research and development (R&D) credit was finally made permanent (retroactively as of January 1, 2015). In addition, the credit now contains two new options for utilization that did not previously exist which broadens the impact of the credit for many small to mid-sized businesses.
Previously, the R&D tax credit could only be used to offset regular tax; this rule limited many small to mid-sized businesses in their ability to use the credit if they were subject to the alternative minimum tax (AMT). Beginning in 2016, businesses with less than $50 million in gross receipts will be free to use the credit to offset AMT.
In addition, certain start-up businesses (with less than $5 million in gross receipts) that may not have an income tax liability will be able to offset payroll taxes with the credit to the tune of $250,000. No longer will they have to wait until they generate taxable income to take advantage of the credit savings.
Businesses should be aware of the four part test that research activities must pass before the corresponding expenditures related to those activities will qualify for the tax credit. The four part test is as follows:
If you are planning on claiming an R&D tax credit on your business’ next tax return, please consult your tax advisor. Although the benefits of the R&D credit make it attractive, now more than ever, you will want to make certain that you meet the requirements because it has become one of the most heavily audited tax credits by the IRS in recent years.
If you’ve been bitten by the net investment income tax (NIIT) in the past three years, you may now be ready to explore strategies that avoid or reduce your exposure. This surtax can affect anyone with consistently high income or with a big one-time shot of income or gain.
Let’s review the basics of the NIIT. Congress passed the 3.8% Medicare surtax on investment income in 2012 to help pay for the Affordable Care Act. The surtax became effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2012. The NIIT affects taxpayers with modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) above $200,000 for a single person, above $250,000 for a couple, and above $125,000 for a married person filing separately. (MAGI is generally the last number on page 1 of your Form 1040 – your gross income less certain allowable deductions.) Notably, a marriage penalty is built into this surtax and the surtax threshold levels are not indexed for inflation going forward.
The amount of net investment income subject to the NIIT is the lesser of (1) your net investment income or (2) the amount by which MAGI exceeds the threshold discussed above.
What income is subject to the NIIT? Generally net investment income includes the following:
Strategies to Reduce Your Net Investment Income:
Strategies to Reduce Your Modified Adjusted Gross Income:
As you can see, higher income taxpayers with investment income have some planning options when it comes to limiting the impact of the surtax, but in many cases, there may not be a way to avoid it. Bottom line? The NIIT is complex and all strategies should be discussed with your tax and investment advisors before implementation to avoid other unintended tax consequences.
For the most part, the Affordable Care Act has flown under the radar of many dental professionals. Yet the reality is that “Obamacare” includes provisions that will impact the dental profession. Make time now to bone up on the ACA’s potential impact to your practice’s bottom line.
Under the ACA, pediatric oral care benefits are considered to be “essential health benefits” that must be covered by all insurance policies, whether purchased through the insurance exchange or not.
Each state determines what will be covered as part of essential health benefits. In Colorado, for example, all children ages 0 to 18 years must have dental coverage through the purchase of a pediatric dental benefit, or by enrolling in Child Health Plan Plus (CHP+) or Medicaid. Currently, the Colorado health insurance exchange offers 14 dental plans through five carriers.
Note that dental benefits can be purchased as a “stand-alone” dental plan or through a dental plan that is “embedded” into the general medical coverage. This means that your office administrator and billing staff will need to learn how to file claims for dental coverage embedded within a general medical insurance policy.
Plain and simple, the Affordable Care Act will increase the number of patients who are eligible for dental services. According to the American Dental Association, expansion of dental benefits under the ACA (including Medicaid expansion) will generate some 11 million pediatric dental visits and 1.7 million adult dental visits.
This means you’ll need to gear up for two distinct challenges:
Many dentists find that there are far fewer administrative issues and fewer disputes over payment when working with Medicaid than with private insurance providers. According to Colorado’s Cavity Free at Three initiative, the state is considered to be one of the best for doing business with the Medicaid population. The state is responsive to concerns, reimburses for services quickly, and doesn’t require a lot of wait time for prior authorizations.
Dental practices would be well served to perform a financial analysis of the ACA’s impact on their bottom line. That would include determining if accepting this new crop of dental patients makes financial sense — as well as deciding how many new patients to accept if it does.
For example, dental practices that are used to collecting at the time of service will need to adjust to the often-lengthy claims process. They will also incur costs to hire or train staff who are experienced in filing medical claims. (Filing a “clean claim” can mean the difference between a profitable visit and one that drains the bottom line.)
Dentists also need to keep in mind that the new 2.3 percent medical device excise tax imposed by the ACA may well drive up their costs. The tax is imposed on the manufacturers of medical devices, yet many believe that these costs will be passed down to the dentist and eventually the patients they serve.
According to the ADA, the Affordable Care Act may increase dental spending by $4 billion, with the largest effect seen in the Medicaid population. Ultimately, practices that are prepared to handle these newly insured patients could benefit. Please feel free to contact our office for assistance with performing a financial forecast to understand how the Affordable Care Act could affect your practice.
In an effort to help employers subject to the Affordable Care Act’s (ACA’s) information reporting requirements meet those obligations, the IRS has extended two important deadlines. Employers now have an additional two months to provide employees Form 1095-B, “Health Coverage,” and Form 1095-C, “Employer-Provided Health Insurance Offer and Coverage.”
Employers have an additional three months to file the forms with the IRS. Reporting to the IRS is done by using Form 1094-C, “Transmittal of Employer-Provided Health Insurance Offer and Coverage Information Returns,” and Form 1095-C, “Employer-Provided Health Insurance Offer and Coverage.”
The ACA enacted Section 6056 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC), which requires all applicable large employers (ALEs) — generally those with at least 50 full-time employees or the equivalent — to report to the IRS information about what health care coverage, if any, they offered to full-time employees. Employers generally must report this information no later than February 28 — or March 31 if filed electronically — of the year following the calendar year to which the reporting relates.
Sec. 6056 also requires ALEs to furnish statements to employees that the employees can use to determine whether, for each month of the calendar year, they can claim a premium tax credit. The statements generally must be provided by January 31 of the calendar year following the calendar year to which the Sec. 6056 reporting relates.
Because of the deadline extension, however, for the 2015 calendar year, ALEs have until May 31, 2016, to file these information returns with the IRS (until June 30, 2016, if filing electronically). And they have until March 31, 2016, to furnish the employee statements.
Bear in mind that this reporting is required even if you don’t offer health insurance coverage. And employers with at least 50 but fewer than 100 full-time employees or the equivalent who are eligible for the transitional relief from the employer shared-responsibility provision for 2015 must still comply with the information reporting requirements.
Sec. 6055 of the IRC, also enacted by the ACA, requires health care insurers, including self-insured employers, to report to the IRS about the type and period of coverage provided and to furnish this information to covered employees in statements. The IRS’s extensions also apply to these deadlines: The 2015 calendar year information now must be reported by May 31, 2016, or, if filed electronically, June 30, 2016. Employee statements must be provided by March 31, 2016.
Every self-insured employer must report information about all employees, their spouses and dependents who enroll in coverage under the reporting requirements for insurers. This reporting is required even for self-insureds not subject to the ACA’s employer shared-responsibility provisions or the ALE reporting requirements. Self-insured ALEs must comply with the insurer requirements in addition to the Sec. 6056 requirements.
Further, non-ALE employers must comply with the Sec. 6056 requirements if they’re members of a controlled group or treated as one employer for purposes of determining ALE status. The employers that compose such a controlled-group ALE are referred to as “ALE members,” and the reporting requirements apply separately to each member.
Failure to comply with the information reporting requirements may subject you to the general reporting penalty provisions. Penalties for information returns and payee (employee) statements filed after December 31, 2015, are as follows:
Special rules apply to increase the per-statement and total penalties in the case of intentional disregard of the requirement to furnish a payee statement. Also, taxpayers with average annual gross receipts of no more than $5 million for the three preceding tax years are subject to lower maximum penalty amounts.
Even with the extensions provided by the IRS, now is the time for affected employers to begin assembling the necessary information for Forms 1094 and 1095. The compliance obligation will likely require a joint effort by the payroll, HR and benefits departments to collect the relevant data.
If you have questions about complying with the ACA’s information-reporting requirements, don’t hesitate to contact us. We’d be pleased to help.
With year end right around the corner, Congress passed the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015 (the PATH Act). The act extended numerous tax breaks that had expired December 31, 2014, and the President signed it into law December 18.
The new law is more significant than some tax “extenders” legislation in recent years because, in addition to extending relief, the PATH Act makes quite a few tax breaks permanent and also enhances some breaks. Let’s take a look at some of the breaks that may help you save tax on your individual and business returns in 2015 and beyond.
Sec. 179 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) allows businesses to elect to immediately deduct — or “expense” — the cost of certain tangible personal property acquired and placed in service during the tax year, instead of recovering the costs more slowly through depreciation deductions. However, the election can only offset net income; it can’t reduce it below zero dollars to create a net operating loss.
The election is also subject to annual dollar limits. For 2014, businesses could expense up to $500,000 in qualified new or used assets, subject to a dollar-for-dollar phaseout once the cost of all qualifying property placed in service during the tax year exceeded $2 million. Without the PATH Act, the expensing limit and the phaseout amounts for 2015 would have sunk to $25,000 and $200,000, respectively.
The new law makes the 2014 limits permanent, indexing them for inflation beginning in 2016. It also makes permanent the ability to apply Sec. 179 expensing to qualified real property, reviving the 2014 limit of $250,000 on such property for 2015 but raising it to the full Sec. 179 limit beginning in 2016. Qualified real property includes qualified leasehold-improvement, restaurant and retail-improvement property.
Finally, the new law permanently includes off-the-shelf computer software on the list of qualified property. And, beginning in 2016, it adds air conditioning and heating units to the list.
If your business is eligible for full Sec. 179 expensing, you might obtain a greater benefit from it than from bonus depreciation (discussed below) because the expensing provision can allow you to deduct 100% of an asset acquisition’s cost. Moreover, you can use Sec. 179 expensing for both new and used property.
The news is mixed on bonus depreciation, which allows businesses to recover the costs of depreciable property more quickly by claiming bonus first-year depreciation for qualified assets. It’s been extended, but only through 2019 and with declining benefits in the later years. For property placed in service during 2015, 2016 and 2017, the bonus depreciation percentage is 50%. It drops to 40% for 2018 and 30% for 2019.
The provision continues to allow businesses to claim unused AMT credits in lieu of bonus depreciation. Beginning in 2016, the amount of unused AMT credits that may be claimed increases.
Qualified assets include new tangible property with a recovery period of 20 years or less (such as office furniture and equipment), off-the-shelf computer software, water utility property and qualified leasehold-improvement property. Beginning in 2016, qualified improvement property doesn’t have to be leased to be eligible for bonus depreciation.
Note that, if you qualify for Sec. 179 expensing, it could provide a greater tax benefit than bonus depreciation. (See above.) But bonus depreciation could benefit more taxpayers than Sec. 179 expensing, because it isn’t subject to any asset purchase limit or net income requirement.
The PATH Act permanently extends the 15-year straight-line cost recovery period for qualified leasehold improvements (alterations in a building to suit the needs of a particular tenant), qualified restaurant property and qualified retail-improvement property. The provision exempts these expenditures from the normal 39-year depreciation period.
This is especially welcome news for restaurants and retailers, which typically remodel every five to seven years. If eligible, they may first apply Sec. 179 expensing and then enjoy this accelerated depreciation on qualified expenses in excess of the applicable Sec. 179 limit.
The research credit (commonly referred to as the “research and development” or “research and experimentation” credit) provides an incentive for businesses to increase their investments in research. But businesses have long complained that the annual threat of extinction to the credit deterred them from pursuing critical research into new products and technologies.
The PATH Act permanently extends the credit. Additionally, beginning in 2016, businesses with $50 million or less in gross receipts can claim the credit against alternative minimum tax (AMT) liability, and certain start-ups (in general, those with less than $5 million in gross receipts) that haven’t yet incurred any income tax liability can use the credit against their payroll tax.
While the credit is complicated to compute, the tax savings can prove significant.
The American Opportunity credit (a modified version of the Hope credit) allows eligible taxpayers to take an annual credit of up to $2,500 (vs. the Hope credit maximum of $1,800) for various tuition and related expenses for each of the first four years of postsecondary education (vs. the first two years with the Hope credit). The credit phases out based on modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) beginning at $80,000 for single filers and $160,000 for joint filers, indexed for inflation.
The American Opportunity credit was scheduled to revert to the Hope credit after 2017, with the $1,800 and first-two-years limits and lower MAGI phaseout thresholds. The PATH Act makes the more beneficial American Opportunity credit permanent.
The PATH Act extends through 2016 the above-the-line deduction for qualified tuition and related expenses for higher education. The deduction is capped at $4,000 for taxpayers whose adjusted gross income (AGI) doesn’t exceed $65,000 ($130,000 for joint filers) or, for those beyond those amounts, $2,000 for taxpayers whose AGI doesn’t exceed $80,000 ($160,000 for joint filers).
You can’t take the American Opportunity credit, its cousin the Lifetime Learning credit and the tuition deduction in the same year for the same student. If you’re eligible for all, the American Opportunity credit will typically be the most valuable in terms of tax savings. But in some situations, the AGI reduction from the deduction might prove more beneficial than taking the Lifetime Learning credit because the deduction ends up saving more tax than opting for the credit.
The PATH Act makes permanent the provision that allows taxpayers who are age 70½ or older to make direct contributions from their IRA to qualified charitable organizations up to $100,000 per tax year. The taxpayers can’t claim a charitable or other deduction on the contributions, but the amounts aren’t deemed taxable income and can be used to satisfy an IRA owner’s required minimum distribution.
To take advantage of the exclusion from income for IRA contributions to charities on your 2015 tax return, you’ll need to arrange a direct transfer by the IRA trustee to an eligible charity by December 31, 2015. Donor-advised funds and supporting organizations are not eligible recipients.
The law makes other tax benefits related to charitable giving permanent, too, including the enhanced deduction for contributions of real property for conservation purposes.
The itemized deduction for state and local sales taxes, instead of state and local income taxes, is now permanent. The deduction is especially valuable for individuals who live in states without income taxes. It can also benefit taxpayers in other states who purchase major items, such as a car or boat.
You don’t have to keep receipts and track all the sales tax you actually pay. Your deduction can be determined by using an IRS sales tax calculator that will base the deduction on your income and the sales tax rates in your locale plus the tax you actually pay on certain major purchases.
The PATH Act extends through 2016 the credit for purchases of residential energy property. Examples include new high-efficiency heating and air conditioning systems, insulation, energy-efficient exterior windows and doors, high-efficiency water heaters and stoves that burn biomass fuel.
The provision allows a credit of 10% of expenditures for qualified energy improvements, up to a lifetime limit of $500. If you’ve been thinking about investing in some energy upgrades, you’ll want to do it before the end of next year.
The PATH Act’s temporary and permanent extensions of numerous valuable tax breaks for individuals and businesses provide significant tax planning opportunities. We’ve only touched on some of the most popular here; the new law may include other extensions and enhancements that can benefit you. We can help you identify the ones that will minimize your taxes for 2015 and chart the best course in future years.
Taxpayers investing in Enterprise Zones (EZ) can earn an income tax credit for specific economic development activities. All businesses in the EZ must pre-certify in order to be eligible to take the Enterprise Zone credits. The pre-certification must be completed prior to the expenditure on which the credit is based.
The Colorado Economic Development Commission approved revised Enterprise Zone designations at their meeting on August 13, 2015. El Paso County is now part of a new zone called the Pikes Peak Enterprise Zone which also encompasses Teller County. Some areas have graduated out of EZ status while other have been newly added. These new designations are effective January 1, 2016.
You can search a map on the website as a preliminary step to determine if you are in an EZ. Click here for the map.
However, the map is based on Google Maps so is not always accurate. If you believe you are in an Enterprise Zone and that is not registering as true on the search, then contact your Enterprise Zone Administrator for confirmation.
We are happy to assist in this process if you would like, so please let us know if you would like us to search on your behalf. As our client, if we are already aware you are in an Enterprise Zone, we will apply for the pre-certification on your behalf.
Applicable Large Employers (ALEs) must file Form 1095-C for each full-time employee and provide a copy to the employee. Although there is a transition period for determining which employers qualify as ALEs, in terms of this tax form, any employer with at least 50 full-time or full-time equivalent employees during 2015 will be required to file the form. As January 31 falls on a Sunday in 2016, a copy of the form must be provided to each full-time employee by February 1, 2016. If paper filing, a copy of Form 1095-C for each employee must be filed with the IRS by February 28, 2016. If filing electronically, a copy must be filed by March 31, 2016. Copies filed with the IRS must be accompanied by transmittal Form 1094-C. An automatic 30-day extension for filing the forms with the IRS is available by submitting Form 8809.
Please note, small employers do NOT need to file Form 1095-C.
Health insurance providers, including employers with self-insured health plans must file Form 1095-B for each covered employee and provide a copy to the employee. It’s important to note that these forms must be completed without regard to the number of employees. As January 31 falls on a Sunday in 2016, a copy of the form must be provided to each covered employee by February 1, 2016. If paper filing, a copy of Form 1095-B for each covered employee must be filed with the IRS by February 28, 2016. If filing electronically, a copy must be filed with the IRS by March 31, 2016. Copies filed with the IRS must be accompanied by transmittal Form 1094-B. An automatic 30-day extension for filing the forms with the IRS is available by submitting Form 8809.
For additional information, please click here to see our article published June 1, 2015.
In the Accounting Services Department at Stockman Kast Ryan + Co, we take a balance sheet approach when closing a set of books. This means each account on the balance sheet (assets/liabilities and equity) is reconciled to source documents (bank statements, amortization schedules, payroll and sales tax returns, etc.) before closing the net income for the year. We view all the transactions during the year to capture any reclassifications that may need to be reallocated to a different account as well as reconciling expenses such as payroll.
There are many things to take into consideration when finalizing a Year End Closing.
Generally, we will make the final year-end adjustments to the balance sheet to zero out the owners’ distributions/draws for the upcoming year as well as to record depreciation. Occasionally, we have additional tax adjustments that may also affect your books.
We know that closing out your books for the year can be a daunting task. But taking the time to prepare now will likely save you both time and money later. “Clean” books make the tax preparation process that much easier and efficient. If you have questions regarding any of the suggestions listed here, please let us know.
On December 18, the Senate passed the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015 (the PATH Act), which the House had passed on December 17. Many popular tax breaks had expired December 31, 2014, so for them to be available for 2015, Congress had to pass legislation extending them. But the PATH Act does more than that.
Instead of extending breaks for just a year or two, which had been Congress’ modus operandi in recent years, the PATH Act makes many popular breaks permanent and extends others for several years. The PATH Act also enhances certain breaks and puts a moratorium on the Affordable Care Act’s controversial medical device excise tax.
It’s not all good news for taxpayers, however. For example, while the PATH Act does extend bonus depreciation through 2019, it gradually reduces its benefits. And it extends some breaks only through 2016.
Here is a quick rundown of some of the key breaks that have been extended or made permanent that may benefit you or your business.
Many of the PATH Act’s provisions provide an opportunity for taxpayers to enjoy significant tax savings on their 2015 income tax returns — but quick action (before January 1, 2016) may be needed to take advantage of some of them. If you have questions about what you need to do before year end to maximize your savings, please contact us.